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域冷知识 refers to the lesser-known facts and information about the field of criminology. Despite being a highly studied field, there are still several intriguing aspects in this area that remain unexplored. In this article, we will delve into some of the lesser-known facts about criminology. 1. Criminology is not the same as criminal justice While many people use the terms criminology and criminal justice interchangeably, they are not the same. Criminology refers to the study of crime, its causes and effects, and the behavior of criminals. Criminal justice, on the other hand, refers to the system in place for dealing with criminals, including the court system, law enforcement, and corrections. 2. The term criminology was first coined in the 19th century While criminology as we know it today has been heavily influenced by ancient philosophers and scholars, the term itself was first coined in the 19th century by a Frenchman named Paul Topinard. Topinard described criminology as “the scientific study of various anomalies of life and behavior, which in their collective form constitute what we call criminality.” 3. Serial killers are not necessarily all mentally ill While many people assume that all serial killers must be mentally ill, this is not always the case. While some serial killers certainly do have mental health issues, many others are perfectly sane and have no diagnosable mental health problems. This is because serial killing can often be motivated by a range of factors such as revenge, jealousy, or a desire for power. 4. The Innocence Project has helped exonerate over 367 wrongly convicted people The Innocence Project is a non-profit organization that uses DNA evidence to help exonerate innocent people who have been wrongfully convicted of crimes. Since its inception in 1992, the project has helped exonerate over 367 people, many of whom were serving lengthy prison sentences for crimes they did not commit. 5. Juveniles are often tried as adults in the United States In many countries around the world, juveniles are usually only tried as adults if they commit very serious crimes. However, in the United States, juveniles can be tried as adults for a wide range of offenses. This has resulted in hundreds of thousands of juveniles being sent to adult prisons, which can lead to several negative outcomes such as physical and emotional harm, and a lack of access to education and rehabilitation programs. 6. The death penalty does not deter crime Despite being touted as a deterrent to crime for decades, studies have shown that the death penalty does not actually deter crime. Many criminals do not consider the potential consequences of their actions when committing crimes, and therefore are unlikely to be deterred by the threat of execution. In addition, due to the lengthy appeals process and other legal factors, the death penalty is often applied inconsistently and unfairly. In conclusion, we have explored several lesser-known aspects of criminology, including the distinction between criminology and criminal justice, the origins of the term criminology, the fact that not all serial killers are mentally ill, the work of the Innocence Project, the practice of trying juveniles as adults in the United States, and the ineffectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime. By continuing to research and study these topics, we can continue to gain a better understanding of crime and criminal behavior, and work towards creating more effective and just systems for dealing with offenders.
